Science

Could you name some colors please, you would most likely list several colors such as green, red, blue, pink, yellow, and orange. But if I told you that there are only three primary colors—red, green, and blue—and that the rest of the colors are just illusions created by your mind, let’s consider an example.

If I asked you how many colors are in the image above in part A, your answer would be three: red, green, and blue. Yes, that is correct. Now, if I asked you how many colors are in the image above in part B, your answer might be seven. However, you would be wrong. In part B, there are still only three colors. The rest are illusions created by your mind. Let’s see how this works.

As Above Image for example, when red and blue overlap, we see a new color, pink. Yellow is seen when both red and green colors are overlapping. Normally, we assume that red and blue frequencies overlap to form pink. However, the frequencies are not actually overlapping. Let’s explore the reason. If there are only three primary colors, how do we see multiple colors?

Color is a sensation of light, which is composed of electromagnetic waves. These waves have different frequencies corresponding to different colors. The eye’s retina contains three types of cone cells: S-cones (sensitive to short wavelengths or blue light), M-cones (sensitive to medium wavelengths or green light), and L-cones (sensitive to long wavelengths or red light). These cones detect only red, green, and blue frequencies. when we see a red color, the red cone cells in the retina are activated and send a signal to our brain indicating red. Similarly, green, and blue colors activate their respective cones. Our retina has only these three types of cone cells. When red and blue light overlap, our eyes detect two frequencies simultaneously but cannot differentiate between them. The eyes can detect only one frequency at a time. When two frequencies enter our eyes, our nerves get confused and send mixed signals to our brain, which then perceives a new color—pink. The same process occurs with yellow, which results from the overlap of red and green frequencies.

Thus, when multiple frequencies enter our eyes, they send mixed signals to our brain, creating the perception of new colors. All other colors are illusions created by the mind; in reality, there are only three primary colors: red, green, and blue. Television manufacturers use this concept smartly. Inside the television, there is a component called a picture tube. The picture tube can display objects and colors using only the three primary colors—red, green, and blue. The rest of the colors are just overlaps or imagination. That’s why the color model is called RGB, indicating Red, Green, and Blue.

Color Vision Deficiency or Color Blindness

Color vision deficiency, or color blindness, involves difficulty distinguishing between certain colors due to issues with the cone cells in the retina. In medical science, color blindness is detected by the absence or malfunction of red, green, or blue cones. Color blindness may vary depending on which cone cells are defective or damaged. Some individuals might have all three cone cells defective, resulting in total color blindness.

Introduction

Eye is a device which converts optical energy into electrical energy and sends it to the brain! The rest of the process happens in our brain! In reality the image is formed in our brain! We use the eye as an instrument, to just collect the information from the field! Its live example is when we dream, at that time our eyes are closed but we are seeing something or the other! Basically the brain is creating an image according to the old information, that is why we can see the past in dreams, not the future!

How human eyes works

Now we understand biologically here how the eye works and how the image is formed inside the eye! For this, we first have to understand the structure of the eye! The structure of the eye is basically round! Whose total diameter is 2.5 centimeters! This circular ball is fixed in our skull! And which we can round in any direction! Only a part of which is visible to us! Which we consider as the eye! But in reality there is a small part of the eye which we call Cornea! There is a lens inside the cornea and its property is that almost 100% light can pass through it! And the focal length of this lens is the same as the diameter of the eye which is 2.5 cm! And its job is to help the eye by focusing at one place! It works almost like a mobile camera! The eye with pixels in the cornea is about 576 megapixels! The job of the pixel is to convert the light sent by the lens into electrical energy and this energy is sent to the brain through the optical nerve!

Now according to the information provided, our brain starts forming the image! Now the brain has a challenge to fill the color in the image, what color is in the image or the image is black and white! Corn cells are responsible for this! Which are located in the back part of our eye! The job of the corn cell is to detect the color property of the light that has come inside the eye and tell the brain what color it is! Corn cells are able to differentiate colors from light only when our eyes are exposed to the proper amount of light. That is why we are not able to recognize colors at night or we move from darkness to light. Nature has designed our eyes in such a way that there are two spots in our eyes, yellow spot and black spot. Yellow spot is the part in which the maximum number of pixels are accumulated. And there is not a single pixel in the black spot. Nature has designed the yellow spot very smartly and mathematically. The eye is at a certain height in our body and almost everything is below this level. So when we bend our eyes to see anything, the light that is read from the object falls directly in our yellow spot. And due to the maximum number of pixels in this support, we start seeing the image clearly. You must have seen its example in your mobile too, the more megapixels the mobile has, the better the image is seen. That is why most TV manufacturers recommend installing the TV about 30 degrees below the eye level. So that the light of the image falls directly on the yellow spot and we see the image clearly. There are almost no pixels in the black spot! So when light falls on our black spot, the brain is unable to form any image due to the absence of pixels! When a person is walking with us, we cannot see that person until the light hitting him falls on our yellow spot! Until the person comes in front of us! Till now we have seen that the brain needs light to form an image but it is very important for a fixed amount of light to enter our eyes! The iris is responsible for this! The iris works like the shutter of a shop! The brain opens the shutter of the iris only to the extent that the amount of light is sufficient for the brain! So when we look towards the sun, the iris starts closing automatically and our eyes start closing! When we come inside the room from outside, we cannot see anything for a few seconds! The iris takes time to decide how much to open! It takes 3 to 5 seconds to decide here, that is why when we enter a closed room from outside, we cannot see anything for 3 to 5 seconds!